{"id":13585,"date":"2026-02-10T06:54:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T06:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/?p=13585"},"modified":"2026-03-18T10:55:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T10:55:50","slug":"applying-ozone-oxidation-to-nitrous-oxide-and-nox-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biozone.co.za\/?p=13585","title":{"rendered":"Applying Ozone Oxidation to Nitrous Oxide and NOx Emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"13585\" class=\"elementor elementor-13585\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7b952c09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7b952c09\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17ccaf25\" data-id=\"17ccaf25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a6b4bdc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a6b4bdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-0-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">A Practical, Low-Temperature Abatement Opportunity<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nitrous oxide (N\u2082O) is now seen as a major greenhouse gas that has not received enough attention, even though it plays a big role in climate change and ozone layer damage. Most discussions focus on carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) and methane (CH\u2084), so N\u2082O is often called the <em>\u201cforgotten greenhouse gas,\u201d even though it has a much larger<\/em> environmental impact.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13586\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/1-1-1024x512.png\" alt=\"1\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br \/>\u00a0How N\u2082O and NOx emissions affect climate change.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This article looks at how N\u2082O and NOx emissions affect climate change, the limits of current control methods, and why ozone-based oxidation systems are a practical and cost-effective option for reducing industrial emissions.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Nitrous Oxide Matters<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13587\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2-1-1024x512.png\" alt=\"N\u2082O has a much higher global warming potential than CO\u2082\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br \/>N\u2082O has a much higher global warming potential than CO\u2082<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nitrous oxide stays in the atmosphere for about 120 years, making it a long-lasting greenhouse gas. Since before the industrial era, its levels have risen from about 270 ppb to over 336 ppb in 2024, mostly because of human activities.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Each molecule of N\u2082O has a much higher global warming potential than CO\u2082. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), N\u2082O is now the main cause of ozone layer depletion.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Because N\u2082O is both a greenhouse gas and damages the ozone layer, it is a major climate concern and should not be overlooked.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distinguishing N\u2082O from NOx<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13588\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3-1-1024x512.png\" alt=\"N\u2082O VS NOx\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><br \/>N\u2082O VS NOx<\/strong><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>It is important to tell the difference between <strong>nitrous oxide (N\u2082O)<\/strong> and <strong>nitrogen oxides (NOx) because they behave differently in the environment and need different treatment methods<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NOx (NO and NO\u2082)<\/strong> are short-lived pollutants that cause smog, acid rain, and can harm people&#8217;s health.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>N\u2082O<\/strong>, by contrast, is a well-mixed, long-lived greenhouse gas with severe climate and ozone-layer impacts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>N\u2082O reacts in the upper atmosphere to form nitrogen oxides, which speed up the breakdown of ozone. This reduces the atmosphere\u2019s natural shield against harmful ultraviolet rays.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources of Nitrous Oxide Emissions<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13589\" style=\"width: 961px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/4-1-1024x512.png\" alt=\"Sources of Nitrous Oxide Emissions\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-0-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\"><br \/>Sources of Nitrous Oxide Emissions<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-0-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">Agriculture<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About 75% of human-caused<strong> N\u2082O emissions<\/strong> come from agriculture. Using synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and managing livestock manure upsets the natural nitrogen cycle. This allows soil microbes to convert excess nitrogen into N\u2082O through nitrification and denitrification.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Managing manure adds about 10% more to agricultural N\u2082O emissions, especially when it is stored or spread on fields.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-0-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">Industrial and Urban Sources<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Industrial activities make up about <strong>5% of global human-caused N\u2082O emissions<\/strong>, mainly from:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nitric acid production (fertilisers, explosives)<\/li>\n\n<li>Adipic acid production (nylon, foams)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Wastewater treatment is a fast-growing source of N\u2082O. If the biological nitrogen removal process is not well managed, it can release N\u2082O. In the United States, N\u2082O emissions from wastewater went up by <strong>42% from 1990 to 2019<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pathways to Emission Reduction<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Global Nitrous Oxide Assessment<\/strong> says that up to <strong>40% of human-caused N\u2082O emissions could be cut by 2050<\/strong> with current technology.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Key pathways include:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Precision fertiliser application<\/li>\n\n<li>Nitrification inhibitors and green ammonia<\/li>\n\n<li>Industrial emission abatement<\/li>\n\n<li>Optimised wastewater treatment processes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Among these, <strong>reducing industrial emissions is considered the quickest and most cost-effective step in NOx Abatement Technologies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13590\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/5-1024x512.png\" alt=\"5\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) are common ways to control NOx, but they have some built-in drawbacks:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Require operating temperatures of <strong>300\u2013400 \u00b0C<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li>High energy consumption and CO\u2082 generation<\/li>\n\n<li>Risk of ammonia slip<\/li>\n\n<li>Reduced efficiency under variable load conditions<\/li>\n\n<li>Limited performance in high-sulphur or high-particulate gas streams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As emission rules become stricter, these problems make it harder for SCR systems to reach near-zero emissions goals.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where Ozone Oxidation Can Help<\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13592\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Hunting-Ozone-Blog-Images-1.png\" alt=\"Diagram showing ozone injection into flue gas to oxidise NO and NO\u2082 into water-soluble nitrogen oxides, followed by removal in a wet scrubbing system.\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br \/>Diagram showing ozone injection into flue gas to oxidise NO and NO\u2082 into water-soluble nitrogen oxides, followed by removal in a wet scrubbing system.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>NOx control methods that use oxidation have improved a lot in recent years and are now a practical alternative to systems that use ammonia.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ozone oxidation converts relatively iOzone oxidation changes NO and NO\u2082, which do not dissolve well in water, into forms like N\u2082O\u2083 and N\u2082O\u2085 that dissolve easily. Wet scrubbers can then remove these as acids or turn them into nitrate salts. <strong>NOx removal efficiencies exceeding 90%<\/strong>, even under challenging conditions involving high sulphur content, acid gases, and fluctuating process loads.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biozone\u2019s Low-Temperature Oxidation (LTO) Process<\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Biozone\u2019s NOx control system makes ozone on site from oxygen. This process copies natural reactions that happen in the atmosphere, but does so in a controlled industrial setting:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ozone is generated on demand in precise quantities.<\/li>\n\n<li>Oxidation of NO and NO\u2082 to water-soluble compounds<\/li>\n\n<li>Efficient removal via wet scrubbing<\/li>\n\n<li>No hazardous chemical storage<\/li>\n\n<li>The oxygen produced as a by-product does not create any environmental or workplace risks.Nature process meets stringent <strong>BACT and LAER performance guidelines<\/strong> established by authorities such as the South Coast Air Quality Management District (California).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-0-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">Cost and Energy Comparison: SCR vs Ozone<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Capital Cost<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SCR system: <strong>~R4.0 million<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li>Biozone ozone system: <strong>~R1.5 million<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>SCR costs approximately 263% more<\/strong> than equivalent ozone-based systems.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ozone: <strong>52 kJ per gram of NO removed<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>SCR requires approximately 269% more energy<\/strong> than ozone-based oSCR uses about 269% more energy than ozone-based oxidation. Systems can also be deployed as <strong>polishing stages<\/strong> to enhance the performance of existing abatement systems, including SCR units, thereby enabling compliance with future near-zero-emission standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13593\" style=\"width: 960px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9-1024x512.png\" alt=\"9\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As global emission rules become stricter, ozone-based oxidation provides a way to achieve:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Retrofitting existing plants<\/li>\n\n<li>Designing new low-emission facilities<\/li>\n\n<li>Integrating NOx and SOx abatement<\/li>\n\n<li>Supporting acid recovery processes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Way Forward<\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Southern Africa has many chances to test and use these systems. Past tests by Anglo Platinum showed that ozone-based systems could cut NOx to 6 mg\/m\u00b3, but larger pilot projects were not finished.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13594\" src=\"https:\/\/thepunch.co.za\/biozonebackup\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/10-1024x512.png\" alt=\"10\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Looking ahead, working with industrial gas suppliers like <strong>BOC, Air Liquide, or Air Products<\/strong> could speed up commercial use. Projects in South Africa could help support expansion to other countries.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-0-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\">A Dual Climate Opportunity<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nitrous oxide <strong>is both a major climate risk<\/strong> and a <strong>clear chance for action<\/strong>. Ozone-based oxidation offers a practical, low-temperature, and cost-effective way to control industrial NOx and N\u2082O emissions.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When engineered correctly, ozone systems deliver:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High removal efficiency<\/li>\n\n<li>Lower capital and operating costs<\/li>\n\n<li>Reduced secondary emissions<\/li>\n\n<li>Alignment with future regulatory framework<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This makes ozone oxidation an important tool for cutting emissions in a meaningful way while helping industries stay competitive.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Biozone\u2019s ozone-based oxidation systems are built to turn atmospheric chemistry into dependable, large-scale emission control for industry.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Practical, Low-Temperature Abatement Opportunity \u00a0 Nitrous oxide (N\u2082O) is now seen as a major greenhouse gas that has not received enough attention, even though it plays a big role in climate change and ozone layer damage. Most discussions focus on carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) and methane (CH\u2084), so N\u2082O is often called the \u201cforgotten greenhouse [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14270,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-purification"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Applying Ozone Oxidation to Nitrous Oxide and NOx Emissions - Biozone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biozone.co.za\/?p=13585\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Applying Ozone Oxidation to Nitrous Oxide and NOx Emissions - Biozone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Practical, Low-Temperature Abatement Opportunity \u00a0 Nitrous oxide (N\u2082O) is now seen as a major greenhouse gas that has not received enough attention, even though it plays a big role in climate change and ozone layer damage. 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